खीरे की खेती क्यों जरूरी है और इसमें कितने प्रोटीन पाये जाते है और इसकी उम्र कितने दिनो की होतीहैं खीरा एक मौसमी फसल है, जो की गर्मी के मौसम में ज्यदातर किया जाता है | खीरे की खेती पुरे भारत में की जाती है यह एक Short term फसल है जो की अपना Life Cycle को 60 से 80 दिनों में पूरा करता है | खीरा हमारे शरीर में पाचन शक्ति को बढ़ाने में मदद करता है, खीरे में Protein, vitamin C, Iron, Carbohydrate जैसे तत्व पाए जाते है | वैसे तो खीरा गर्मी के मौसम में होता है पर वर्षा ऋतू में खीरे की फसल अधिक होती
Table Of Content
जलवायु
- खिरे की खेती हम ठण्ड ओर बारिस दोनो में कर सकते है!
- खीरे में फूल आने का समय 13से 18 दिनों का होता है और इसको बढ़ने के लिये समताप की जरूरत होती है और इसकी बढ़वार ठण्ड में ज्यादा होती है और इसको 18से 24 डिग्री तापमान की जरूरत होती है
खीरे की भूमि तैयार करना
खीरे की खेती सभी तरह की मिट्टी मैं की जा सकती है लेकिन काली दोमट मिट्टी ज्यादा उपजाऊ होती है और खीरे की खेती नदियों तालाबो के किनारे भी की जा सकती है और इसमें पानी निकालने के लिये नाली बनाना चाइए जिससे पानी इकट्ठा ना हो सके और हमारी फसल को नुकसान ना हो ओर जिससे हमें ज्यादा नुकसान ना हो पाए
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खीरे की प्रजातिया( varaities of cucumber):
खेरी की प्रजातियाँ कई प्रकार की होती है उनमे से कुच्छ इस प्रकार से है –
- जापानी लौंग ग्रीन
- स्ट्रेट एट
- हिमांगी
- पोइनसट
जोवईंट खेती करने की लिए हमे यह जानना बहुत ही ज़रूरी होता है की हम अपने खेतो में कितने quantity में बीजो को लाए तथा किस वक्त लगाये ता की हम अच्छे फसल की production कर सके |
Time Of Farming
- गर्मी फसल – January से March
- बरसाती फसल – June से July
बीज दर :
एक hacter भूमि में कम से कम 2 se 3 kg बीजो की ज़रूरत होती है |
पौध की दुरी
खीरे की पौधे फैलने वाले होते है, इसलिए अच्छी फसल के लिए बोते वक्त इनके बीजो की आपसी दुरी कम से कम 50 se 100cm होनी चाहिए |तथा उसमें बहुत सी क्या री होना चाहिये
पंक्ति की दुरी
खीरे की खेती करते वक्त खेतो में पंक्ति बनाने वक्त एक से दुसरे पंक्ति की दुरी कम से कम 150cm होनी चाहिए |
बीज की गहराई
बिज लगाते वक्त यह जानना बहुत ही ज़रूरी होता है की हम बीजो को भूमि में कितनी गहराई में बुवाई करे , खीरे के बीजो को बोते वक्त उन्हें 1cm की गहराई में बोना चाहिए |
खादकरना
सिंचाई
खरीफ के फसलो को सिंचाई की ज़रूरत नहीं होती है यदि बारिश नहीं हो रही हो तो आवश्यकता अनुसार फसलो की सिंचाई करे | गर्मियों के मौसम में होने वाले फसलो को 2 से 3 दिनों के अंतराल में सिंचाई करना चाहिए |
खरपतवार
बिज के बुवाई के ठीक 20 से 25 दिन के बाद जब पौधे बढ़ने लगते है तब निराई-गुडाई करने से पौधों की अच्छी growth होती है और साथ ही फल भी अच्छे और अधिक होते है | खेतो में extra पौधे जो खीरे के पौधों को बढ़ने में रुकावट डालते है उन्हें हमे खेतो से उखाड़ फेकना चाहिए |
रोग नियंत्रण / Common Diseases
- विषाणु रोग:
खीरे में विषाणु रोग एक आम रोग होता है, यह रोग पौधों के पत्तियों से शुरू होती है और इसका प्रभाव फलो पर पड़ता है | इस रोग में पत्तियों पर पीले धब्बो का निशान पड़ जाता है और धीरे धीरे पत्तियां सिकुड़ने लगती है | इस बीमारी का असर फलो पर भी पड़ता है फले छोटी और टेडी मेडी हो जाती है |रोग को नीम का काढ़ा या गौमूत्र में माइक्रो झाइम को मिला कर इसे 250 ml प्रति pump फसलो पर छिडकाव करने से दूर किया जा सकता है |
- एन्थ्रेक्नोज (Anthreknoj): यह रोग Mold के कारण फैलता है यह रोग मौसम के changes होने के कारण होता है इस रोग में फलो तथा पत्तियों पर धब्बे हो जाते है |इस रोग को नीम का काढ़ा या गौमूत्र में माइक्रो झाइम को मिला कर इसे 250 ml प्रति pump फसलो पर छिडकाव करने से दूर किया जा सकता है |
- चूर्णिल असिता : यह रोग ऐरीसाइफी सिकोरेसिएरम नाम के एक फफूंदी के कारण होता है | यह रोग मुख्यता पत्तियों पर होती है और यह धीरे धीरे तना फुल और फलो को effect करती है | इस बीमारी में पत्तियों के निचे सफेद धब्बे उभर जाते है और धीरे धीरे ये धब्बे बड़ने लगते है और ये तने फुल और फलो पर हमाल करने लगती है |
नीम का काढ़ा या गौमूत्र में माइक्रो झाइम को मिला कर इसे 250 ml प्रति pump फसलो पर छिडकाव कर के इस रोग को दूर किया जा सकता है |
कीट नियंत्रण –
- एफिड (Aphids) : ये बहुत ही छोटे size के कीट होते है | ये किट पौधे के छोटे हिस्सों पर हमला करते है तथा उनसे रस चूसते है | इन कीटो की संख्या बहुत तेजी से बडती है और ये Virus फ़ैलाने का काम करती है, इन कीटो की वजहा से पत्तियाँ पिली पड़ने लगती है |इस किट से बचने के लिए नीम का काढ़ा या गौमूत्र में माइक्रो झाइम को मिला कर इसे 250 ml प्रति pump फसलो पर छिडकाव करें |
- रेड पम्पकिन बीटिल (Red Pumpkin Beetle): ये लाला रंग तथा 5-8 cm लबे आकार के किट होते है ये किट पत्तियों के बिच वाली भाग को खा जाती है जिसके कारण पौधों का अच्छे से विकास नहीं होता है |इस किट से बचने के लिए नीम का काढ़ा या गौमूत्र में माइक्रो झाइम को मिला कर इसे 250 ml प्रति pump फसलो पर छिडकाव करें|
- एपिलैकना बीटिल (Epilachna Beetle) : ये किट सभी Vine plants पर हमला करते है | ये किट पौधों के पत्तियों पर आक्रमण करती है ये beetle पत्तियों खा कर उन्हें नष्ट कर देती है |
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