In this post we are going to share the detailed solution for class 10th science chapter 13 . All the solutions are prepared by our esteemed teachers who are very well experienced in the teaching.
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Complete Science Solutions Chapter Wise : Class 10th NCERT Science Solutions – All Chapters
Chapter 13 Solutions
EXERCISE -1
QUE:-1 Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a bar magnet?
ANS:-
The magnetic field of the magnet exerts force on both the poles of the compass needle. The forces experienced by the two poles are equal and opposite. These two forces form a couple which deflects the compass needle.
EXERCISE -2
QUE:-1 Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.
ANS:-
QUE:-2 List the properties of magnetic field lines.
ANS:-
Properties of magnetic lines of force :
- The magnetic field lines originate from the north pole of a magnet and end at its south pole.
- The magnetic field lines become closer to each other near the poles of a magnet but they are widely separated at other places.
- Two magnetic field lines do not intersect one another.
QUE:-3 Why don’t two magnetic field lines intersect each other?
ANS:-
This is due to the fact that the resultant force on a north pole at any point can be only in one direction. But if the two magnetic field lines intersect one another, then the resultant force on north pole placed at the point of intersection will be along two directions, which is not possible.
EXERCISE -3
QUE:-1 Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current pass through the loop clockwise. Apply the right-hand rule to find out the direction of the magnetic field inside and outside the loop .
ANS:-
As shown in figure alongside, each section of wire produces its concentric set of lines of force. By applying right hand thumb rule, we find that all the sections produce magnetic field downwards at all points inside the loop while at the outside points, the field is directed upwards. Therefore, the magnetic field acts normally into the plane of the paper at the points inside the loop and normally out of the plane of paper at points outside the loop.
QUE:-2 The magnetic field in a given region is uniform. Draw a diagram to represent it.
ANS:-
A uniform magnetic field in a region is represented by drawing parallel straight lines, ail pointing in the same direction.
For example, the uniform magnetic field which exists inside a current-carrying solenoid can be represented by parallel straight lines pointing from its S-pole to N-pole (as shown in figure).
QUE:-3 Choose the correct option.
The magnetic field inside a long straight solenoid-carrying current
(a) is zero.
(b) decreases as we move towards its end.
(c) increases as we move towards its end.
(d) is the same at all points.
ANS:-
(iv) Is the same at all points.
EXERCISE -4
QUE:-1 Which of the following property of a proton can change while it moves freely in a magnetic field? (There may be more than one correct answer.)
(a) mass (b) speed
(c) velocity (d) momentum
ANS:-
(C) velocity, (D) momentum.
QUE:-2 In Activity 13.7, how do we think the displacement of rod AB will be affected if (i) current in rod AB is increased; (ii) a stronger horse-shoe magnet is used; and (iii) length of the rod AB is increased?
ANS:-
(i) When the current in the rod AB is increased, force exerted on the conductor increases, so the displacement of the rod increases.
(ii) When a stronger horse-shoe magnet is used, the magnitude of the magnetic field increases. This increases the force exerted on the rod and the displacement of the rod.
(iii) When the length of the rod AB is increased, force exerted on the conductor increases, so the displacement of the rod increases.
QUE:-3 A positively-charged particle (alpha-particle) projected towards west is deflected towards north by a magnetic field. The direction of magnetic field is
(a) towards south (b) towards east
(c) downward (d) upward
ANS:-
(iv) Upward.
Here, the positively charged alpha particles are moving towards west, so the direction of current is towards east. The deflection is towards north, so the force is towards north, so, we are given that
(i) direction of current is towards west
(ii) direction of force is towards north.
Let us now hold the forefinger, middle finger and thumb of our left-hand at right angles to one another. Adjust the hand in such a way that our mid finger points towards west (in the direction of current) and thumb points towards north (in the direction of force). Now, if we look at our forefinger, it will be pointing upward. Because the direction of forefinger gives the direction of magnetic field, therefore, the magnetic field is in the upward direction.
EXERCISE -5
QUE:-1 State Fleming’s left-hand rule.
ANS:-
Fleming’s left hand rule : Stretch the first finger, the middle finger and the thumb of your left hand mutually perpendicular to each other in such a way that the first finger represents the direction of the magnetic field, the middle finger represents the direction of the current in the conductor, then the thumb will represent the direction of motion of the conductor.
QUE:-2 What is the principle of an electric motor?
ANS:-
A motor works on the principle of magnetic effect of current. When a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it, a force acts on the coil which rotates it continuously.
When the coil rotates, the shaft attached to it also rotates. In this way the electrical energy supplied to the motor is converted into the mechanical energy of rotation.
QUE:-3 What is the role of the split ring in an electric motor?
ANS:-
The split ring reverses the direction of current in the armature coil after every half rotation, i.e., it acts as a commutator. The reversed current reverses the direction of the forces acting on the two arms of the armature after every half rotation. This allows the armature coil to rotate continuously in the same direction
EXERCISE -6
QUE:-1 Explain different ways to induce current in a coil.
ANS:-
Different ways to induce current in a coil are :
- moving a magnet towards or away from the coil or vice-versa, and
- changing current in the neighbouring coil.
EXERCISE -7
QUE:-1 State the principle of an electric generator.
ANS:-
The electric generator works on the principle that when a straight conductor is moved in a magnetic field, then current is induced in the conductor.
In an electric generator, a rectangular coil is made to rotate rapidly in the magnetic field between the poles of a horse-shoe type magnet. When the coil rotates, it cuts the magnetic field lines due to which a current is produced in the coil.
QUE:-2 Name some sources of direct current.
ANS:-
Some of the sources of direct current are dry cells, button cells, lead accumulators.
QUE:-3 Which sources produce alternating current?
ANS:-
Alternating current is produced by AC generators of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants, hydroelectric power stations, etc.
QUE:-4 Choose the correct option.
A rectangular coil of copper wires is rotated in a magnetic field. The
direction of the induced current changes once in each
(a) two revolutions (b) one revolution
(c) half revolution (d) one-fourth revolution
ANS:-
(c) Half revolution.
EXERCISE -8
QUE:-1 Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and appliances.
ANS:-
(i) Earthing and
(ii) Electric fuse.
QUE:-2 An electric oven of 2 kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220 V) that has a current rating of 5 A. What result do you expect? Explain.
ANS:-
The electric oven draws a current given by
Thus the electric oven draws current much more than the current rating 5 A. That is the circuit is overloaded. Due to excessive current, the fuse wire will blow and the circuit will break.
What precautions should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits ?
To avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits, the following precautions should be taken :
(i) The wires used in the circuit must be coated with good insulating materials like PVC, etc.
(ii) The circuit must be divided into different sections and a safety fuse must be used in each section.
(iii) High power appliances like air-conditioner, refrigerator, a water heater, etc. should not be used simultaneously.
QUE:-3 What precaution should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic electric circuits?
ANS:-
The precautions that should be taken to avoid the overloading of domestic circuits are as follows:
→ Too many appliances should not be connected to a single socket.
→ Too many appliances should not be used at the same time.
→ Faulty appliances should not be connected in the circuit.
→ Fuse should be connected in the circuit.
EXERCISE -9 (chapter end question)
QUE:-1 Which of the following correctly describes the magnetic field near a long straight wire?
(a) The field consists of straight lines perpendicular to the wire.
(b) The field consists of straight lines parallel to the wire.
(c) The field consists of radial lines originating from the wire.
(d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire.
ANS:-
(d) The field consists of concentric circles centred on the wire
QUE:-2 The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is
(a) the process of charging a body.
(b) the process of generating magnetic field due to a current passing through a coil.
(c) producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil.
(d) the process of rotating a coil of an electric motor.
ANS:-
(c) Producing induced current in a coil due to relative motion between a magnet and the coil
QUE:-3 The device used for producing electric current is called a
(a) generator.
(b) galvanometer.
(c) ammeter.
(d) motor.
ANS:-
(a) Generator.
QUE:-4 The essential difference between an AC generator and a DC generator is that
(a) AC generator has an electromagnet while a DC generator has permanent magnet.
(b) DC generator will generate a higher voltage.
(c) AC generator will generate a higher voltage.
(d) AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator has a commutator.
ANS:-
(d) AC generator has slip rings while the DC generator has a commutator
QUE:-5 At the time of short circuit, the current in the circuit
(a) reduces substantially.
(b) does not change.
(c) increases heavily.
(d) vary continuously.
ANS:-
(c) Increases heavily.
QUE:-6 State whether the following statements are true or false.
(a) An electric motor converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
(b) An electric generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
(c) The field at the centre of a long circular coil carrying current will be parallel straight lines.
(d) A wire with a green insulation is usually the live wire of an electric supply.
ANS:-
(a) False
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False.
QUE:-7 List two methods of producing magnetic fields.
ANS:-
(i) Current carrying conductor
(ii) Electromagnets
QUE:-8 How does a solenoid behave like a magnet? Can you determine the north and south poles of a current– carrying solenoid with the help of a bar magnet? Explain.
ANS:-
A solenoid behaves like a magnet in the following ways.
- The magnetic field produced by a current carrying solenoid is very much similar to that of a bar magnet.
- Like a bar magnet, one end of the solenoid has N-polarity while the other end has S-polarity.
To determine the north and south poles, we bring N-pole of the bar magnet near one end of the solenoid. If there is an attraction, then that end of the solenoid has south polarity and the other has north polarity. If there is a repulsion, then that end of the solenoid has north polarity and the other end has south polarity because similar poles repel each other.
QUE:-9 When is the force experienced by a current–carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field largest?
ANS:-
The force experienced by a current-currying conductor is the maximum when the direction of current is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.
QUE:-10 Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam, moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?
ANS:-
Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam, moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field ?
Answer:
Here the electron beam is moving from our back wall to the front wall, so the direction of current will be in the opposite direction, from front wall towards back wall or towards us. The direction of deflection (or force) is towards our right side.
We now know two things :
- direction of current is from front towards us, and
- direction of force is towards our right side.
Let us now hold the forefinger, middle finger and thumb of our left hand at right angles to one another. We now adjust the hand in such a way that our centre finger points towards us (in the direction of current) and thumb points towards right side (in the direction of force). Now, if we look at our forefinger, it will be pointing vertically downwards. Since the direction of forefinger gives the direction of magnetic field, therefore, the magnetic field is in the vertically downward direction.
QUE:-11 Draw a labelled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of a split ring in an electric motor?
ANS:-
Electric Motor : The device used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy is called Electric Motor. It is used in fans, machines, etc.
Principle : Electric motor works on the principle of force experienced by a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field. The two forces in the opposite sides are equal and opposite. Since they act in different lines they bring rotational motion.
Working of an electric motor :
When current starts to flow, the coil ABCD is in horizontal position. The direction of current through armature coil has the direction from A to B in the arm AB and from C to D in the arm CD. The direction of force exerted on the coil can be found through Fleming’s left hand law.
According to this law, it is found that the force exerted on the part AB, pushes the coil downwards. While the force exerted on the part CD pushes it upwards. In this way, these two forces being equal and opposite form a couple that rotates the coil in anticlockwise direction.
When the coil is in vertical position, the brushes X and Y would touch the centre of the commutator and the current in the coil is stopped. Though current is stopped but the coil comes back in horizontal state due to momentum.
After half rotation, the polarity of the commutator also changes, because now Q makes contact with brush X and P with brush Y. Therefore, now the force exerts downwards on the arm AB and upwards on the arm CD and thus again a couple of forces is formed that rotates the coil in clockwise direction. This process is repeated again and again and the coil rotates til! the current flows across it.
Function of split ring : Split ring in a motor acts as a commutator, i.e., it reverses the flow of current in the circuit due to which the direction of the forces acting on the arms also reverses.
QUE:-12 Name some devices in which electric motors are used.
ANS:-
Some devices in which electric motors are Water pumps, Electric fans, Electric mixers and Washing machines.
QUE:-13 A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar magnet is (i) pushed into the coil, (ii) withdrawn from inside the coil, (iii) held stationary inside the coil?
ANS:-
(i) As a bar magnet is pushed into the coil, a momentary deflection is observed in the galvanometer indicating the production of a momentary current in the coil.
(ii) When the bar magnet is withdrawn from the coil, the deflection of galvanometer is in opposite direction showing the production of an opposite current.
(iii) When the bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, there is no deflection in galvanometer indicating that no current is produced in the coil.
QUE:-14 Two circular coils A and B are placed closed to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.
ANS:-
Two circular coils A and B are placed close to each other. When the current in coil A is changed, the magnetic field associated with it also changes. As a result, the magnetic field around coil B also changes. This change in magnetic field lines around coil B induces an electric current in it. This is called electromagnetic induction
QUE:-15 State the rule to determine the direction of a
(i) magnetic field produced around a straight conductor-carrying current,
(ii) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it, and
(iii) current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.
ANS:-
(i) Right hand thumb rule : If the current carrying conductor is held in the right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of the current, then the direction of the curl of the fingers will give the direction of the magnetic field.
(ii) Fleming’s left hand rule : NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and the thumb of the left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of the magnetic field, the middle finger in the direction of current, then the thumb points in the direction of force in the conductor.
(iii) Fleming’s right hand rule : Stretch the thumb, forefinger and the central finger of the right hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger points in the direction of magnetic field, thumb in the direction of motion of the conductor, then the middle finger points in the direction of current induced in the conductor.
QUE:-16 Explain the underlying principle and working of an electric generator by drawing a labelled diagram. What is the function of brushes?
ANS:-
Principle : The electric generator is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. When a coil is rotated with respect to a magnetic field, the number of magnetic field lines through the coil changes. Due to this a current is induced in the coil whose direction can be found by Fleming’s right hand rule.
Working : When the armature coil ABCD rotates in a magnetic field produced by the permanent magnets, it cuts through the magnetic lines of force.
Due to the rotation of armature coil, the associated magnetic field changes and an induced electromagnetic force is produced in it. The direction of this induced electromotive force or current can be determined by using Fleming’s right hand rule.
In first half cycle the current flows in one direction by brush B1 and in second it flows in opposite direction by brush B2. This process continues. So the current produced is alternating in nature.
Functions of Brushes : Brushes in contact with rings provide the current for external use.
QUE:-17 When does an electric short circuit occur?
ANS:-
If the insulation of the wires used in the circuit is damaged or the appliance used is faulty due to which the live wire and the neutral wire comes in direct contact as a result current in the circuit rises and the short circuit occurs. NCERT Class 10th Mathematics Solutions – Detailed Chapter Wise Solution
QUE:-18 What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic appliances?
ANS:-
Earth wire is a safety measure that provides a low resistance conducting path to the current. Sometimes due to excess heat or wear and tear, the live wire comes in direct contact with the metallic cover of the appliances, which can give an electric shock on touching them. To prevent from the shock the metallic part is connected to the earth through a three-pin plug due to which the current flows to the earth at the instant there is a short circuit.
It is necessary to earth metallic appliances because it ensures that if there is any current leakage in the metallic cover, the potential of the appliance becomes equal to that of the earth. The potential of the earth is zero. As a result, the person handling the appliance will not get an electric shock.
SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER
* A compass needle is a small magnet. Its one end, which points towards north, is called a north pole, and the other end, which points towards south, is called a south pole.
* A magnetic field exists in the region surrounding a magnet, in which the force of the magnet can be detected.
* Field lines are used to represent a magnetic field. A field line is the path along which a hypothetical free north pole would tend to move. The direction of the magnetic field at a point is given by the direction that a north pole placed at that point would take. Field lines are shown closer together where the magnetic field is greater.
* A metallic wire carrying an electric current has associated with it a magnetic field. The field lines about the wire consist of a series of concentric circles whose direction is given by the right-hand rule.
* The pattern of the magnetic field around a conductor due to an electric current flowing through it depends on the shape of the conductor. The magnetic field of a solenoid carrying a current is similar to that of a bar magnet.
* An electromagnet consists of a core of soft iron wrapped around with a coil of insulated copper wire.
* A current-carrying conductor when placed in a magnetic field experiences a force. If the direction of the field and that of the current are mutually perpendicular to each other, then the force acting on the conductor will be perpendicular to both and will be given by Fleming’s left-hand rule. This is the basis of an electric motor.
An electric motor is a device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy.
* The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction is the production of induced current in a coil placed in a region where the magnetic field changes with time. The magnetic field may change due to a relative motion between the coil and a magnet placed near to the coil. If the coil is placed near to a current-carrying conductor, the
magnetic field may change either due to a change in the current through the conductor or due to the relative motion between the coil and conductor. The direction of the induced current is given by the Fleming’s right-hand rule.
* A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works on the basis of electromagnetic induction.
* In our houses we receive AC electric power of 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz. One of the wires in this supply is with red insulation, called live wire. The other one is of black insulation, which is a neutral wire. The potential difference between the two is 220 V. The third is the earth wire that has green insulation and this is connected
to a metallic body deep inside earth. It is used as a safety measure to ensure that any leakage of current to a metallic body does not give any severe shock to a user.
* Fuse is the most important safety device, used for protecting the circuits due to short-circuiting or overloading of the circuits.
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Complete Science Solutions Chapter Wise : Class 10th NCERT Science Solutions – All Chapters
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